T3 VOCAB TEST APUSH Flashcards | Knowt (2024)

Great American desert

land west of the missouri river and east of the rocky mountains

silver rush

people came to colarado and other western states to search for silver

stephen austin

brought americans into texas bc permission by mexicans.

santa anna

general that seized power of meixco as a dictator

sam houston

commander of chief of the texas forces

alamo

site of texan defeat during the texas revolution, where texas soldiers retreated into an abandoned mission

aroostook war

series of clashes bw the american and canadian lumberjacks in disputed territoty of north maine.

webster-ashburton treaty

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

peace agreement signed in 1848 that ended the Mexican-American War. It led to the United States acquiring over half of Mexico's territory

commodore matthew c perry

military leader who convinced the Japanese to sign a treaty in 1853 with the U.S.

john tyler

served as William Henry Harrison's Vice President until his death in 1841 in which he succeeded him and became President.

54 forty or flight

United States ought to claim all the territory up to 54 degrees and 40 minutes north parallel or fight Great Britain for the land.

james k polk

11th president of the United States. advocate of jacksonian democracy

wilmot proviso

neither slavery no involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any territory gained from Mexico. It was never passed through both houses but it transformed the debate of slavery.

franklin pierce

pro-southern northerner who supported the Compromise of 1850 and especially the Fugitive Slave Law.

mexican american war

sparked by annexation of tx. added mexican states to USA

zachary taylor

General that was a military leader in Mexican-American War and 12th president of the United States.

bear flag republic

short-lived California republic, established by local American settlers who revolted against Mexico.

mexican cession

region of the present day southwestern United States that was ceded to the U.S. by Mexico in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican-American War.

gadsden purchase

treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico

kangawa treaty

ended Japan's policy of isolationism and opened up ports for American trade

free soil movement

political party with the main purpose of stopping the expansion of slavery in western territories

conscience whigs

Northern Whigs who opposed slavery on moral grounds

hunker democrats

favored state banks, internal improvements, and minimizing the slavery issue

barnburners

slavery should not be extended into the newly acquired U.S. territory

bleeding kansas

violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory

Lecompton constitution

supported the existence of slavery in the proposed state and protected rights of slaveholders

lewis cass and popular soverignity

father of "popular sovereignty," the notion that the sovereign people of a territory should themselves decide the issue of slavery.

compromise of 1850

concessions to both free and slave states in an attempt to placate both sides of the slavery debate and preserve the union.

stephen a douglas

designed the Kansas-Nebraska Act. believer in popular soverignity

millard fillmore

13th president. oversaw expansionist motions such as the Gadsden Purchase and the treaty of Kanagawa

kansas-nebraska act

allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders

Crittenden Compromise

plan proposed for address the issue of slavery in new territories and prevent secession.

know nothing party

nativist political movement

james buchanan

15th president of the united states. tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions.

fugitive slave law

that made it a crime to help runaway slaves;

dred scott v sanford

Dred Scott tried to sue for his freedom on the grounds that his master moved him to a free territory. court ruled that blacks, whether slaves, or free, were not citizens of the United States. They could not, therefore, sue in federal court

lincoln douglas debates

argued the important issues of the day like popular sovereignty, the Lecompton Constitution and the Dred Scott decision

sumner brooks incident

abolitionist speech insulting SC Senator Andrew Butler. • Preston Brooks, Butler's nephew and Congressman from SC, heard Sumner's speech and on the Senate floor beat him into a coma with his cane

john brown and harpers ferry

abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry

uncle toms cabin

anti-slavery novel

sociology of the south

book that offered several arguments in favor of slavery, but first, challenged the notion of a free society and a free market

border states

slave states that did not secede from the Union when the Confederacy

confederate states of america

government of 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union

jefferson davis

politician who served as President of the Confederate States

second american revolution

The civil war

morrill land grant act

allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges.

homestead act

gave 160 acres of free western land to any applicant who occupied and improved the property

fort sumter

Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War

bull run/manassas

First major battle of the Civil War and a victory for the South

winfield scotts anaconda plan

emphasized the blockade of Southern ports and called for an advance down the Mississippi River the cut the South in two, the plan would suffocate the South

robert e lee

General of the Confederate troops

antietam

first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle

ulysses s grant

18th president of the United States

gettsyburg

large battle in the American Civil War. Union victory

Appomattox court house

surrender of the Confederate Army

emancipation proclamation

proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten Confederate states still in rebellion. It also decreed that freed slaves could be enlisted in the Union Army

reconstruction acts

strict conditions on former Confederate States to rejoin the Union

54 Massachusetts regiment

regiment was one of the first official African-American units in the United States during the Civil War

copperheads

Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War

laird rams

ironclad warships constructed for the Confederacy by a British firm

civil rights act of 1875

guaranteed African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations

civil rights cases of 1883

anyone but the government could discriminate against African Americans

jay gould and credit mobilier

exposure of a fraudulent financial scheme involving many U.S. politicians and the Union Pacific Railroad

jay gould vs cornerlius vanderblit

Jay Gould used stock fraud and bribery to keep Cornelius Vanderbilt from taking control of the Erie Railroad

boss tweed

disgraced American politician who was convicted for stealing millions of dollars from New York City taxpayers through political corruption; head of Tammany Hall.

thomas nast

famous caricaturist. primarily based on political corruption

panic of 1873

first global depression brought about by industrial capitalism

rutherford b hayes

19th president of the United States; was famous for being part of most corrupt election in the United States history. Historical Significance: Northern troops pulled out of South and led to the end of reconstruction.

comprimise of 1877

Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.

lincolns 10% plan

Lincoln's plan on bringing states back into the Union. His plan would restore states to the Union after at least ten percent of the population swore an oath of loyalty.

radical republicans

sought swift emancipation of the slaves, punishment of the rebels, and tight controls over the former Confederate states after the war

wade davis bill

50% of eligible voters of the southern Confederate states had to vote and take oath of allegiance to the Union in order to be readmitted.

freedmans bureau

created by Congress in 1865 to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support.

black codes

restrictions placed upon newly freed African Americans by the southern state legislatures

tenure of office act

prohibited the president from dismissing any cabinet member

carpetbaggers

Northerners who moved South after the war, sometimes with all their possessions in a carpetbag

scalawags

Southern whites who supported Reconstruction.

hiram revels

African American to serve in the U.S. Congress. helped organize two regiments of colored troops during the Civil War

sharecropping

system in which a landowner would allow a tenant to farm their land in exchange for a share of the crop. This system was a new form of coerced labor in the South and was used to keep Black people tied to the land after the abolition of slavery.

force acts

acts banned (KKK) clan membership, prohibited the use of intimidation to prevent blacks from voting, and gave the U.S. military the authority to enforce the acts.

amnesty act of 1872

permitted former Confederate leaders and secessionists to hold office again

cornelius vanderblit

business tycoon who amassed a fortune in the steamboat business and invested this fortune in the consolidation of many smaller rail lines under one company, the New York Central Railroad.

transcontinental railroad

linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west, A railroad that stretches across a continent from coast to coast.

jay gould and watering stock

Stock that is issued with a value much greater than the value of the issuing company's assets

rebates

a deduction from an amount to be paid, or money back. Rockefeller, oil king, employed spies to find the rebates of railroads and forced the railroads to pay him the rebates on the bills of his competitors.

pools

informal agreement between a group of people or leaders of a company to keep their prices high and to keep competition

andrew carnegie

Scottish-American industrialist who led the expansion of teh American steel industry."The Gospel of Wealth" called for the rich to use their wealth to improve society and it started a wave of philanthropy.

vertical integration

business or corporation that holds control over every phase of the process of the business. Starting with raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution, the company controls every aspect of its economic process.

interlocking directorates

having executives or directors from one company serve on the Board of Directors of another company.

jp morgan and the panic of 1893

Cause: overbuilding, speculation, agricultural depression, labor disorder, ongoing labor depression

sherman silver purchase act

Westerners agreed to support a higher tariff and the protectionists, this bill. It ordered the Treasury to buy 4.5 million ounces of silver

bassemer process

process for converting iron into the much more durable and versatile steel

alexander grahm bell

American inventor who was responsible for developing the telephone

thomas alve edison and menlo park

research laboratory set-up by Thomas Edison in New Jersey

interstate commerce act

required railroads to be "reasonable and just" - required railroads to charge fair rates. - required railroads to make those rates public

interstate commerce commission

regulate railroad prices

sherman antitrust act

limits on concentrations of power deemed harmful to trade and competition

RR strike of 1877 and the knights of labor

nationwide strike by railroad workers, who were protesting wage cuts and poor working conditions

haymarket bombing

protest against police violence at Chicago's Haymarket Square where someone threw a bomb killing one policeman and 7 others fatally wounded